原文出处：世界论坛

从前历史书上说，日本偷袭珍珠港之所以得手是因为美国政府不知情，实际上这是大错特错，或者说是天大的谎言，实际上从一开始美国政府和罗斯福本人就对此事了如指掌，只是秘而不宣；过去说，日本偷袭美国珍珠港的舰队一直保持无线电静默，错！或者说这也是弥天大谎！日本舰队根本就没有停止过无线电通讯联络！上世纪末美国政府档案披露： 从1941年11月15日到12月6日，美国海军的谍报中心共截获129条日本舰队的无线电电讯！很少人想得到，这实际上是一个美国政府为了参战精心策划的计谋的一部份，或者说是一个连环计中的苦肉计：逼日本开第一枪，从而为美国参加第二次世界大战开绿灯。

这要从麦克 克鲁姆的八点建议书说起。

1939年9 月1日开始的第二次世界大战远离北美大陆，只是以德意日为一方、英法为另一方的矛盾。同第一次世界大战一样，大洋这边的人民不愿意为与自己不相干的利益而流血牺牲，孤立主义盛行，反战势力非常强大，截至参战前的1941年2月，民意调查表明，百分之八十八的美国人反对美国参战。只要能赚钱，为什么要流血呢？打仗说到底还不是为了钱吗？因此，美国实际上，从1939年开始，对交战双方实行现金支付、运输自理政策，同双方做买卖。截止到1941年4月，日本仍然从美国加州获得赖以发动和继续战争的重要资源石油。例如：仅仅从1940年7月到1941年4月，美国向日本提供了9，200，000桶石油，1941年4月又追加了2，000，000 桶的石油。但参战是美国政府的既定方针。可必须出师有名，特别是在受到强大的反战势力牵制的情况下。因此，要想出一个能够让全国人民同仇敌忾的办法。麦克 克鲁姆的八点建议书就是这样应运而生。

阿瑟 麦克 克鲁姆何许人也？他是美国远东海军情报局的海军少将。1940年10月，他向美国海军部和美国白宫递交了一份八点意向书，立即引起了美国政府的重视。那么，这八点意向书的主要内容是什么呢？麦克 克鲁姆认为，美日终有一战，为了美国的利益，美国应该在有利的时候激日本先发制人。为达到此目的，他提出了八点建议：

第一，与英国达成协议，允许美使用英国在太平洋上的基地，特别是新加坡；

第二，与荷兰达成协议，允许美国使用荷兰在印度尼西亚的基地和装备；

第三，尽可能地给予蒋介石的中国以援助；

第四，派遣远程重型巡洋舰队前往远东，菲律宾，或，新加坡；

第五，派遣两只潜艇分队前往远东；

第六，在夏威夷岛屿附近保持美国太平洋舰队；

第七，坚持要求荷兰拒绝给予日本经济战略物资，特别是石油；

第八，与英国配合，实行对日本的全面禁运。

也正是在同一时候，罗斯福总统指出，如果太平洋战争爆发，日本人应开第一枪，从而为美国卷入战争提供依据。罗斯福政府后来的对日方针正是按此计划实施，一步一步将日本逼入死胡同。按照建议的第四项，从1941年三月到1941年七月，罗斯福总统违反国际法，亲自派遣巡洋舰深入日本海域。罗斯福总统说：“我只是派遣巡洋舰去那里到处走走，让日本人去猜测。我不介意损失一两艘巡洋舰，只是不要冒险损失五到六艘。”（也对，俗话说：舍不得孩子套不着狼！—－笔者注）

为了实行第六点建议，罗斯福总统不顾太平洋舰队司令官的反对，执意命令弱小的太平洋舰队滞留在夏威夷水域，作为诱饵。1940年10月8日，罗斯福总统在白宫午宴时，向当时太平洋舰队的司令官海军大将理查森宣布了太平洋舰队留驻夏威夷的计划，当时就遭到查利森的激烈反对，是啊，他肩上担负着六万多水兵将士生命的责任！开什么玩笑！他坚决反对以牺牲海军舰只和水兵的生命为代价，来换取日本向美国开第一枪。正因为如此不合拍，1941年2月1日，理查森被华盛顿解职。罗斯福总统亲自简拔海军准将哈斯本德 克米尔继任太平洋舰队司令，并授予他四星上将。

可就是这位克米尔四星上将十个月之后，以“渎职罪”为名被解职，成为震惊除了罗斯福而外的世界的珍珠港事件的替罪羊，也正是这位克米尔昔日的四星上将用其后半生的时间为自己讨回公道、还自己无罪的清白而奔走，可涉及到国家机密，无奈，他只有含冤去世。之后，在其亲属的不断努力下，上个世纪末，好不容易才得到美国政客的一句公道话，1999年，美国的一位参议员说：“克米尔和舒尔特是珍珠港事件的受害者”。1999年5月25日，克林顿政府下的参议院通过一项动议，宣布：美国高一级的官员应该为珍珠港事件负责，克米尔和舒尔特无罪。可无论是克林顿政府还是他的继任都还没有采取任何行动。这是后话。

遵照第七和第八条，1941年春夏季节，美国成功地操纵了荷兰与日本有关石油的谈判，荷兰以日本的侵略行径损害了荷兰的利益为由，在谈判时为难日本，不仅减少了对日本的石油出口，而且还要求日本运输自理。而美国自己则从1941年7月开始对日本实行包括石油在内的全面禁运。同月，罗斯福总统对日本关闭了巴拿马运河，拦截日本商船，并且冻结了日本在美国的资产。

正是石油禁运卡住了日本人的咽喉，逼得日本人只能铤而走险，进攻美国，逼美就范，恢复石油的供应。是啊，飞机、 坦克 、汽车、 军舰都需要油才能开动，否则，只能是废铁一堆。但是日本还不想和美国翻脸，因为对她有害而无益。1941年6月，日本政府决定对美的两套方针：力图外交解决，如若不成，才武力解决。日本开始同美国谈判，1941年11月17日甚至对美国作出重大让步：日本从印度支那撤出其军队，只要美国能在石油问题上作出让步。但美国在英国丘吉尔的支持下，否定了日本的议案。留给日本的唯一出路就只有与美国兵戎相见了。

实际上，1940年10月日本已感觉到美国对日政策的改变，日本海军大将山本五十六在11月中就开始制定万一与美冲突的作战计划，将夏威夷作为进攻的目标。1941年7月美国切断日本的石油来源后，日本开始加速战争准备，对其在亚太地区海军力量作出了重大的重新调整。

值得指出的一个现象是，当时美国海军同日本海军相比较处于弱势，例如：日本有十艘航空母舰，美国只有七艘。当时日本海军有六个舰队，袭击珍珠港的是一支联合舰队，是由日本第一航空舰队和第六舰队的三十艘潜艇组成，日本第一航空舰队号称快速航空母舰舰队，共有六艘航空母舰，是 1941年4月组建，以驱逐舰、巡洋舰、战列舰护卫，并有包括战地医院、修理及油轮等船只提供后勤保障。这支舰队于1941年11月25日启程，秘密向美国夏威夷进发。

美国从一开始就掌握了所有日本海军动向的可靠情报。例如：早在1941年1月26日，美国驻日本东京的大使馆的三等秘书麦克斯 毕莎普，就将获得的日本准备袭击夏威夷计划的情报发给了华盛顿。又如：1941年11月2日和17日，日本驻日本大使约瑟夫 格里曾两次向美国政府发出日本要进攻美国的警报。

美国海军在其本土有两个谍报中心，专门截获和破译日本军方密电：第一个是H 中心站，由Homer Kisner 负责，第二个是HYPO，由 约瑟夫洛克福特负责，这两个中心站都在夏威夷的瓦胡岛。请注意，在珍珠港事件后的历次调查中，H 中心的包括Kisner在内的65名破译人员从来没有出庭作证。其中，约瑟夫 洛克福特的HYPO中心在整个珍珠港事件中起着很大的作用，因为这个中心控制着中太平洋谍报网，这是美国海军太平洋战区最大的谍报网，他们的任务是专门截获和破译日本海军的电讯，平均每天截获1000份日本军事电讯。

这里要指出的是，日本的海军并没用Purple密码 系统，而是用的海军特殊的Kaigun Ango密码系统。所以，后来有人说，中途岛的胜利是因为美国人成功地截获和破译了日本的Purple密码，这是完全错误的。日本海军所用的密码是由五个号码组成，美国海军密码破译专家Agnes Meyer Driscoll 于1940年10月4日首次破译成功。

从1941年11月18日到12月1日，日本海军大将山本五十六与联合舰队的电讯均被H中心站所截获，强有力地证明说日本舰队保持电讯静默完全是谎言。最具有说服力的是截获的两条日本电讯，都是11月25日海军大将山本五十六发给集结在泽捉岛单冠湾的联合舰队的，在这两条电讯中，山本五十六明白无误地命令日本第一航空队于11月26日出发，通过北太平洋，向夏威夷水域进发，进攻美国的太平洋舰队，他甚至提供了路线的经纬度。又如：仅仅在12月5日，H中心截获了山本五十六发给联合舰队的十份电讯。 更有甚者，1941年12月2日，H中心站甚者截获并破译了山蔽迨靼孜日到12月4日，CAST证实并发现了日本航空母舰赤诚号、飞龙号、和瑞鹤号的确切位置，发现他们在向美国海岸进发，12月4号又截获并破译了日本山本五十六与南云忠一的秘密电讯，所有这些情报，CAST都及时地转发给华盛顿和HYPO。

实际上，当日本海军大将南云忠一的联合舰队的31艘战舰还在泽捉岛单冠湾集结时，美国的谍报网就捕捉到了情报。例如： 1941年11月18日，CAST所截获的一条日本电讯上清清楚楚地写着：单冠湾。CAST自然将此截获转发给H中心，人们现在可以在H中心站的资料中查到此资料。从美国所截获并破译的129份日本海军电讯中不难看出，日本联合舰队不仅南云忠一本人一再打破无线电静默，其他的日本舰队的将领也一再打破无线电静默。

1941年12月2日，一位资深高的海军情报官员在海军情报局的办公室，发现海图模型上，两艘日本的航空母正向东行驶，几天之后，12月6日，他在那里又一次看到同样的指向，不同的是，这时的日本舰只已出现在夏威夷的西方。所有这些电讯的译文都通过特别电讯渠道直接送到罗斯福总统的办公桌上。罗斯福总统和他的内阁对此秘而不宣，静等日本开第一枪那一刻的到来。

这些重要的情报没有向太平洋舰队的司令和夏威夷海军基地的司令透露一星半点。例如：从11月1日起，在给克米尔的报告中不见了有关的情报。相反，11月28日，太平洋舰队的司令收到的政府的命令是：美国的政策是让日本人开第一枪（注意： 这一点强调重复了两遍），不要惊扰岛上的居民。夏威夷海军基地司令舒尔特将军也接到华盛顿类似的命令，命令他可以进行侦查，但不要惊动居民。这是什么命令？真是匪夷所思！夏威夷是什么地方？是美国重要的军事基地！岛上驻有25，000军队。要想让25，000人的军队进入战备状态而不惊动地方百姓，怎么可能？难怪舒尔特将军抱怨：“我不可能命令我军队进入一级战备状态而不告诉他们应该向谁开枪！”

为了保卫夏威夷，为了迎击日本人可能的突然袭击，太平洋舰队的司令克米尔于11月23日星期天在岛上举行代号为“191”的军事演习，可是，第二天下午，他收到华盛顿给他的命令，警告他虽然日本人将会从任何方向发动进攻，但为了不要给日本人发动进攻造成借口，不要将舰队进入临战状态！因此，他只好罢兵，提前结束了演习。

11月24日，他又制定了针对敌人对珍珠港发动空中和潜艇袭击的演习，演习时间预定从11月28日到12月5日。演习计划：如果演习当中果然发现敌情，那就正好演习该实战，消灭敢于来犯之敌。可哪里知道，华盛顿给他来了个釜底抽薪，26日调走了演习的主角航空母舰！不仅如此，1941年12月5日华盛顿命令，夏威夷太平洋舰队的航空母舰和二十一艘新型舰艇驶往中途岛。留在岛上的全是些旧的舰艇（不错，旧的不去，新的不来。――笔者注）。

情报被封锁，练兵又被阻，那就只有等着被动挨打的份了。这正是华盛顿所需要和求之不得的：没有切肤之痛，没有血债，怎么能激发起民族的复仇心理？又怎么能激起全国人民同仇敌忾的爱国主义？

一段很有意思的记载：1941年12月6日星期六晚，当罗斯福总统看完日本人的十三点的电文，才是晚上9点30分，他对霍普金斯说：“这意味战争！”说完，他去了戏院，回来以后，同斯达克将军谈了谈话。然后，回家歇息了。当晚没有对夏威夷任何的指令，第二天下午也没有。

1941年12月7 日早上，星期天，夏威夷岛上阳光灿烂，蔚蓝的海水，蔚蓝的天空，好一派祥和的景象！ 一架超低空飞行的飞机掠过一名美军军官的头顶。“谁呀？怎么这么冒失？有这么开飞机的吗？一定要给他记过！”他还以为是自己的飞机呢！不久，港内传来巨大的爆炸声。从飞龙号、苍龙号、翔鹤号等六艘日本航空母舰上起飞的战机蜂拥而至，对停泊在珍珠港内毫无戒备的美国太平洋舰队实施猛烈地轰炸，仅仅一个半小时后，扔下被炸得惨不忍睹的美国太平洋舰队，抛下2476具美军和岛上和平居民的尸体（有的资料记载：死亡人数2345名军人，57名居民）

日本联合舰队从夏威夷的北面从容撤离（美国官方从来没有告诉美国公众：日本联合舰队是从夏威夷北面撤离的）。之后，奇怪的现象出现了：

12月7日，马歇尔元帅直到11点15分才走进办公室，比平常迟了了整整七十五分钟！

据说罗斯福总统接到珍珠港被袭的消息不惊也不怪（这与9.11 布什的反应何其相似！）！

善后：

12月11日，海军情报局主任下令销毁所有与珍珠港事件有关的个人资料；

12月17日，夏威夷海军基地司令舒尔特被解职，同月中，太平洋舰队司令克米尔被解职，1942年1月28日，在第一次珍珠港事件的调查中，二人被判渎职罪（或玩忽职守）。

1945年8月，美国海军部将所有珍珠港事件前截获并破译的日本海军密电全部封存，甚者国会都无权知晓。直到上个世纪末，才部分解密。

同年，太平洋舰队大将恩斯特 金威胁说，如果任何海军人员胆敢对外泄露珍珠港破译日本舰队密码的机密，将会丧失海军和老兵的福利，同时有被逮捕的危险。

在其后的数次有关的调查当中，许多当事人奉命作伪证，为了国家利益，有的则从未接到传票出庭作证

……

两千多个生命的“苦肉计”终于换来了一纸宣战书！

十几年后，似乎要故伎重演。1962年，古巴危机，为了给入侵古巴一个合理的借口，美国五角大楼制定出一个更为漂亮的计划，代号为“北方森林行动”。请一阅有关部分：

“甲，我们可以在关塔那摩湾炸毁美国军舰，然后嫁祸于古巴，(好计！苦肉计加贼喊捉贼！――笔者注)

……”

六十年后，2001年，是否故伎已重演？人们在思考…

注：

1941年7月15日至12月7日，美国截获和破译日本海军电讯共140，000条，但目前对外开放的只有2，600份。多亏了上世纪末美国信息自由法修正案，罗伯特 斯丁纳特才得以查阅到至今还封存的有关的秘密档案，从而将珍珠港事件的真相公布于众。虽然，大量的事实都证明珍珠港事件前美国政府对日本袭击珍珠港了如指掌已是不争的事实，但目前美国政府官方对此仍然保持沉默。是啊，一个国家政府，特别是一个一贯标榜为民主的国家政府，是很难承认曾经为了参战――哪怕是正义的战争――而蓄意牺牲其治下两千多子民的生命的事实！

参考书目及其他资料：

Robert B. Stinnett:  《Day of Deceit, The Truth About FDR And Pearl Harbor》,

Robert A. Theobald (USN, Ret.), 《The Final Secret of Pearl Harbor 》

David Irving: 《Churchill’s War》

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husband_E._Kimmel

原文出处，世界论坛。

我并不是为蒋介石歌功颂德，写这篇文章只是出于一个中国人的良知。蒋介石虽然有其过失之处，但仍不失为民族的领袖，不夸张地说，蒋介石是中国史上的一个伟人。现在我列举蒋介石对中华民族的贡献，希望与大家共同交流，还历史以本来面目：

1，最大的功绩是在清末军阀割据的乱世中，领导两次北伐，统一了乱世中的中国。在这里有个 前提，那就是当时中国的混乱程度在中国史上是罕见的。两次北伐其实都是极为成功的，从北伐后的结果就能看到–中国的军阀数量大大减少，混乱程度得到了很 好的控制，基本实现了统一。蒋介石的军事才能确实不如毛 泽 东，但对付其他的军阀还是没有什么问题的。这就相对使得民族凝聚力大大增强了，提升了中国在国际社会的地位。

2，在中国推行一系列行之有效的经济政策，富国强民，取得了很大的成果。蒋介石承继的” 烂摊子”并不比1949年好到哪里。毛、周没有陈年旧债，国民政府定都南京，却承担历届北京政府累积的六亿六千七百万美元债。而且当时中国只是表面上的统 一，南京政府控 制的国家资源极其有限，而且必须将其大量花费在”统一政令，统一军令”的”军阀战争”之中。蒋介石进行国民经济建设运动，推行“法币政策”，自1935 年底发行法币，建立公债债券的威信，同时积极清偿外债。到抗战前夕，已经偿还百分之九十外债。中国债券在伦敦市场节节上扬，价格超过日本的债券，这是李 登 辉政权以及其他***派系所不愿面对的史实。法币本来是为了对付英、日、美货币在大萧条期间相继贬值，以及美国以高价抢购中国百姓白银等等事件的武器，威 信建立以后，行使地方钞票的省份也纷纷改用法币。这也为8年抗战胜利奠定了物质基础。法币制度是中 日战 争的充要条件，迅速发展的法币构成中国统一的基础，没有法币，抗战军费便无由筹措。

3，大力推广文化教育事业，北大，清华，西南联大等学术活动十分活跃。尤为值得回味的是， 在抗 日 战 争 爆发以后，蒋介石政府首先考虑的是保护学校和教育事业不致中断，帮助面临日 寇侵 略城市的学校南迁。在日寇轰炸重庆时，当局的首要任务，便是及时疏散中小学师生。早年他担任黄埔军校校长，为建立革 命军队，培养军事骨干力量做了一定工作。

4，在内忧外患，极度艰难的情况下，稳固了边疆，巩固了中 央政 府的统治，避免了国家分裂。当时的东北内外 蒙古新疆西藏，均有外国背景。蒋介石加强对蒙古西藏地方的治理，国 民政 府于1929年设立蒙/藏委员会，主管蒙/藏等少数民族地区行政事务。1938年9月24日，颁布喇/嘛转世办法计13条，明确规定达/赖喇嘛、班/禅额 /尔德尼、哲/木尊丹/巴呼图/克图暨各处向来转世之呼图/克图、诺/门汗、班/第达等圆寂后，应报由该管地方最高 行 政机关转报蒙/藏委员会备案；转世灵/童访获后，报由该管地方最高行政机关转报蒙藏委员会查核分别掣签等等。1928年国民政府把四川的西部和西藏东面的 康部, 建立为一新省, 名西康省。1928年9月国民党中央政治会议第153次会议决议，9月17日发布命令，将宁夏、青海分别建为行省。1929年1月，青海正式建省，以西宁 为省会。其中尤以青海建省意义最大，向南配合西康省影响西藏局势，向西可前进新疆。苏德战争爆发后，蒋介石派军入疆，架空盛世才，新疆终于重回中国怀抱。

5，以中华民族领 袖的身份领导中国人民与日本侵略者进行殊死斗争，并派四十余万远征军两次入缅作战，为缅甸独 立解 放及世界反法 西 斯战争作出了巨大贡献。抗 日 争我就不多说了，蒋介石曾对向他传达与日和谈的孔祥熙这样批示:说以后如果再有人利用“汪 逆 伪组织”来劝我跟日本人谈判，怎么办？前面五个字，以汉 奸论罪。下面还有更厉害的三个字，杀无赦!!毛 泽 东在1938年的中国***六 届 六 中全会上有个讲话，毛说：“假如没有国 民 党政策的转变，要建立抗日民族统一战线，是不可能的。”他说，蒋是“民族领袖”，“最高统帅”，说国民党前后有两个伟大的领袖，第一个是孙中山，第二个 呢？就是蒋介石。只是后来国共斗争，这些就没人提了。本人在此再次重申，蒋介石领导的国民政府军才是抗战的主要力量，牵制日军70%的兵力，消灭了大量的 日军。这为中国的民族独立做出了巨大贡献。出兵缅甸，在维护中国利益的同时，赢得了良好的国际声誉，为我国在二战后的大国地位奠定了良好的基础。

6，废除了晚清所签署的一系列的不 平 等条 约，收回了东北、台湾及澎湖列岛的主权，以一积弱之国而成为世界反法 西 斯四大领袖国之一，1946年联合国成立后中国成了五常之一，争得了举世公认的荣耀。开罗宣言这一收回主权和领土的协议就是蒋介石政府在国际社会极力斡旋 的成果。

7，蒋介石一生都坚定地维护中国领土的统一和完整，后来虽然是退守台湾，但他始终把台湾当 成中国的一部分，尽管要把台湾作为反攻大陆的基地，但与李 登 辉、陈 水 扁卖 国 贼，欺宗忘祖之流不可同日而语的。在越南印度侵害中国主权时，还拍岸而起，大喝一声：“娘希匹，大陆不出兵我出兵”，可见他骨子里的爱国主义。也正是由于 蒋介石的坚定的认为大陆和台湾是不可分割的中国整体，才在很大程度上使得台湾更好的延续了中华民族的传统，长久以来都未改变对自身是中国一部分的认识。这 样也利于今后祖国统一大业的顺利进行！！蒋介石对中华民族的七大贡献

看了这个新闻，我现在真的在重新考虑要不要捐钱给台湾。

想想当年汶川地震时候的情况，唉，人比人要死，货比货要扔啊。。。

盒饭都他妈的不吃，还非要吃餐馆的东西，什么东西都是，操！

还是没饿到皮上。

President Richard Nixon of the United States of America visited the People’s Republic of China at the invitation of Premier Chou En-lai of the People’s Republic of China from February 21 to February 28, 1972. Accompanying the President were Mrs. Nixon, U.S. Secretary of State William Rogers, Assistant to the President Dr. Henry Kissinger, and other American officials.

President Nixon met with Chairman Mao Tse-tung of the Communist Party of China on February 21. The two leaders had a serious and frank exchange of views on Sino-U.S. relations and world affairs.

During the visit, extensive, earnest and frank discussions were held between President Nixon and Premier Chou En-lai on the normalization of relations between the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China, as well as on other matters of interest to both sides. In addition, Secretary of State William Rogers and Foreign Minister Chi Peng-fei held talks in the same spirit.

President Nixon and his party visited Peking and viewed cultural, industrial and agricultural sites, and they also toured Hangchow and Shanghai where, continuing discussions with Chinese leaders, they viewed similar places of interest.

The leaders of the People’s Republic of China and the United States of America found it beneficial to have this opportunity, after so many years without contact, to present candidly to one another their views on a variety of issues. They reviewed the international situation in which important changes and great upheavals are taking place and expounded their respective positions and attitudes.

The U.S. side stated: Peace in Asia and peace in the world requires efforts both to reduce immediate tensions and to eliminate the basic causes of conflict. The United States will work for a just and secure peace: just, because it fulfills the aspirations of peoples and nations for freedom and progress; secure, because it removes the danger of foreign aggression. The United States supports individual freedom and social progress for all the peoples of the world, free of outside pressure or intervention. The United States believes that the effort to reduce tensions is served by improving communication between countries that through accident, miscalculation or misunderstanding. Countries should treat each other with mutual respect and be willing to compete peacefully, letting performance be the ultimate judge. No country should claim infallibility and each country should be prepared to re-examine its own attitudes for the common good. The United States stressed that. the peoples of Indochina should be allowed to determine their destiny without outside intervention; its constant primary objective has been a negotiated solution; the eight-point proposal put forward by the Republic of Vietnam and the United States on January 27, 1972 represents a basis for the attainment of that objective; in the absence of a negotiated settlement the United States envisages the ultimate withdrawal of all U.S. forces from the region consistent with the aim of self-determination for each country of Indochina. The United States will maintain its close ties with and support for the Republic of Korea; the United States will support efforts of the Republic of Korea to seek a relaxation of tension and increased communication in the Korean peninsula. The United States places the highest value on its friendly relations with Japan; it will continue to develop the existing close bonds. Consistent with the United Nations Security Council Resolution of December 21, 1971, the United States favors the continuation of the ceasefire between India and Pakistan and the withdrawal of all military forces to within their own territories and to their own sides of the ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir; the United States supports the right of the peoples of South Asia to shape their own future in peace, free of military threat, and without having the area become the subject of great power rivalry.

The Chinese side stated: Wherever there is oppression, there is resistance. Countries want independence, nations want liberation and the people want revolution–this has become the irresistible trend of history. All nations, big or small, should be equal; big nations should not bully the small and strong nations should not bully the weak. China will never be a superpower and it opposes hegemony and power politics of any kind.

The Chinese side stated that it firmly supports the struggles of all the oppressed people and nations for freedom and liberation and that the people of all countries have the right to choose their social systems according to their own wishes and the right to safeguard the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of their own countries and oppose foreign aggression, interference, control and subversion. All foreign troops should be withdrawn to their own countries. The Chinese side expressed its firm support to the peoples of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia in their efforts for the attainment of their goal and its firm support to the seven-point proposal of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam and the elaboration of February this year on the two key problems in the proposal, and to the Joint Declaration of the Summit Conference of the Indochinese Peoples. It firmly supports the eight-point program for the peaceful unification of Korea put forward by the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea on April 12, 1971, and the stand for the abolition of the “U.N. Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea.” It firmly opposes the revival and outward expansion of Japanese militarism and firmly supports the Japanese people’s desire to build an independent, democratic, peaceful and neutral Japan. It firmly maintains that India and Pakistan should, in accordance with the United Nations resolutions on the India-Pakistan question, immediately withdraw all their forces to their respective territories and to their own sides of the ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir and firmly supports the Pakistan Government and people in their struggle to preserve their independence and sovereignty and the people of Jammu and Kashmir in their struggle for the right of self-determination.

There are essential differences between China and the United States in their social systems and foreign policies. However, the two sides agreed that countries, regardless of their social systems, should conduct their relations on the principles of respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, non-aggression against other states, non-interference in the internal affairs of other states, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. International disputes should be settled on this basis, without resorting to the use or threat of force. The United States and the People’s Republic of China are prepared to apply these principles to their mutual relations.

With these principles of international relations in mind the two sides stated that:
progress toward the normalization of relations between China and the United States is in the interests of all countries:
both wish to reduce the danger of international military conflict;
neither should seek hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region and each is opposed to efforts by any other country or group of countries to establish such hegemony; and
neither is prepared to negotiate on behalf of any third party or to enter into agreements or understandings with the other directed at other states.

Both sides are of the view that it would be against the interests of the peoples of the world for any major country to collude with another against other countries, or for major countries to divide up the world into spheres of interest.

The two sides reviewed the long-standing serious disputes between China and the United States. The Chinese reaffirmed its position: The Taiwan question is the crucial question obstructing the normalization of relations between China and the United States; the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government of China; Taiwan is a province of China which has long been returned to the motherland; the liberation of Taiwan is China’s internal affair in which no other country has the right to interfere; and all U.S. forces and military installations must be withdrawn from Taiwan. The Chinese Government firmly opposes any activities which aim at the creation of “one China, one Taiwan,” “one China, two governments,” “two Chinas,” and “independent Taiwan” or advocate that “the status of Taiwan remains to be determined.”

The U.S. side declared: The United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China. The United States Government does not challenge that position. It reaffirms its interest in a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question by the Chinese them-selves. With this prospect in mind, it affirms the ultimate objective of the withdrawal of all U.S. forces and military installations from Taiwan. In the meantime, it will progressively reduce its forces and military installations on Taiwan as the tension in the area diminishes.

The two sides agreed that it is desirable to broaden the understanding between the two peoples. To this end, they discussed specific areas in such fields as science, technology, culture, sports and journalism, in which people-to-people contacts and exchanges would be mutually beneficial. Each side undertakes to facilitate the further development of such contacts and exchanges.

Both sides view bilateral trade as another area from which mutual benefit can be derived, and agreed that economic relations based on equality and mutual benefit are in the interest of the peoples of the two countries. They agree to facilitate the progressive development of trade between their two countries.

The two sides agreed that they will stay in contact through various channels, including the sending of a senior U.S. representative to Peking from time to time for concrete consultations to further the normalization of relations between the two countries and continue to exchange views on issues of common interest.

The two sides expressed the hope that the gains achieved during this visit would open up new prospects for the relations between the two countries. They believe that the normalization of relations between the two countries is not only in the interest of the Chinese and American peoples but also contributes to the relaxation of tension in Asia and the world.

President Nixon, Mrs. Nixon and the American party expressed their appreciation for the gracious hospitality shown them by the Government and people of the People’s Republic of China.

Times Online

Search for Han Chinese sister whose family were butchered by Uighur
July 10, 2009
Jane Macartney in Urumqi

What was once a grocery shop is now a blackened mess. Two boys in shorts and singlets play in the rubble but the usual occupants are absent. Five days ago a Han Chinese family was butchered in this small shop — victims of the Uighurs who rampaged through Urumqi.

Yu Dongzhi described how he clawed through the smoking ruins of the store to search for the family who lived there. He hoped to find his sister, Yu Xinli; her husband, Zhang Mingying; their 13-year-old son; her elderly mother-in-law; and a nephew aged 27.

The police helped him to dig among sacks of flour and bottles of rice wine melted by the heat of the blaze.

He found no survivors, only four bodies. He has yet to discover the fate of his sister.

Mr Yu is a heavily built man in his fifties and more than 6ft, but he almost weeps with despair. “I just hope I can find my sister in an intensive care unit of one of the hospitals. But so far, nothing.”

He has checked the mortuaries and photo galleries of unclaimed bodies held by the police, but his sister was not among them.

He has been refused access to the intensive care units. “I don’t say that I want to go in to disturb these very sick people, but why can’t they show us photographs of the injured? At least then I could find my sister,” he said.

Mr Yu cannot bear to think that she may have been dragged away by the rioters and murdered.

Just coping with the deaths of his sister’s family has almost overwhelmed him. The bodies were among the corpses whose pictures have been carried in local newspapers. So shocking was the family tragedy that one newspaper carried a special report on it, Police have confirmed the killings.

As The Times stood outside what is left of No 447 Zhongwan Street, a Han neighbour approached. She had watched the killings from her home in an apartment block overlooking the store.

“We saw hundreds of Uighurs running down the street on the afternoon of July 5. About ten suddenly rushed into the store. They began to hit the people inside, even the old mother, with bricks and stones. They tried to run outside. Then they were dragged back inside.

“There were terrible screams. Just wordless screams. But then very quickly they fell silent.”

She said that the son tried to hide in a chicken coop but was dragged out and his head was cut off. All the victims were left to burn inside the building. The corpses of the boy and his father were found beheaded. Mr Yu said: “Even the 84-year-old mother was stoned and then burnt. It was terrible, terrible. So cruel.”

Mr Yu made his way yesterday to a temporary emergency centre in an Urumqi hotel. At some desks clerks helped Han and Uighurs to process requests for compensation for damaged cars or destroyed businesses.

In a corner, two women waited at a desk for families seeking missing loved ones or reporting the deaths of relatives. This was where Mr Yu hoped to find help in the hunt for his sister. Officials were unable to explain what he could do next.

He sat in the hotel room-turned-office surrounded by relatives, just waiting. “I still have to keep up my hopes,” he said.

Mr Yu is too busy looking for his sister to organise the funerals for her family. That painful task will come next.

More than a decade ago his brother-in-law moved from central Henan province to run a successful business in a district with a high proportion of ethnic Uighur residents. “Perhaps they were jealous of his success. They clearly targeted the family. It looked as if they had decided in advance to pick on my sister. The police are pursuing the case and they have made some arrests,” said Mr Yu.

Nearby, a Uighur family run a small restaurant. The man shrugged when asked about the family who only a week ago ran a thriving business. He refused to talk about his late Han neighbours.

2009年7月8日，我智斗“世维会”纪实

世维会, 纪实, 智斗

我昨晚在世维会（WUC）的网站上看到他们今 天要在其总部开新闻发布会，届时会有德国政客（包括在巴伐利亚州执政的SPD的一名州议员）和众多媒体参加 （http://www.uyghurcongress.org/En … =-791930673&mid=1096144499）。我马上和慕尼黑中国学生会主席（下面简称Q，我们在去年的抗议达赖事件中认识 的）紧急商量对策。我觉得这是一个很好的机会：首先，我们可以摸摸敌人的情况；其次，借机向媒体宣传事实和我们的观点；第三，显示一下我们的存在，让敌人 不敢太放肆。我和Q简单商讨了一下在会场的对策，就是冷静观察，随机应变，绝不做过激言论。随后我在DSZH和【无面人沃尔夫】联络上（他会德语是个大优 势，我和Q都不会德语）。然后Q又找了两个人，其中一个在本地生活多年，娶了德国老婆，德语很好。

我们一共五个人，约好今早10:30在 主火车站门口集合，大家彼此认识了一下，这就是战友了。10：50走到世维会总部的门口，我还是第一次来这里。他们的网站上只有电话，没有地址，这次开新 闻发布会，终于公开地址了。对面站着有两个警察（后来才发现附近还埋伏了十多个警察，防备现场发生冲突）。进门的时候我们中有人和当地一家维吾尔人餐馆的 老板认识，还打了招呼，看起来没有明显的恶意。上楼，来到邪恶老巢世维会的总部，极其寒酸，就一层的地方，一排四间办公室，最里面是个会议室，也就是今天 的会场，非常小，比一个办公室大不了多少。看来是没钱租更大的地方。里面已经有几家媒体摆了设备，不一会又来了些人，大多是记者，一个小小的屋子才进来十 几个人就满了，晚来的只好挤在门口。我看了一下，来的平面媒体有南德意志报（慕尼黑最大的本地报纸）、慕尼黑另一家本地报纸、一家土耳其新闻机构，通讯社 有路透社和德国之声，电视台有2DF和巴伐利亚州电视台、慕尼黑市电视台。此外还有一个亚洲人面孔的记者，看不出来是哪来的，不排除是RFA的人。

10:55， 新闻发布会开始。首先是世维会副主席Asgar Can发言，然后是州议员Markus Rinder spachter发言，随后世维会秘书长Dolkun Isa补充所谓“最新伤亡情况”。接下来是记者提 问。我听不懂德语，此处请无面人补充。会后听他们说，记者也不是完全听他们的胡说。其中一个女记者问到，昨天下午疆独在Marienplatz示威的时候 打了路过的中国女游客，打人者已被警方拘留，请问你如何评论？世维会副主席显然非常尴尬，支支吾吾的说，这个是不对的，当然情绪激动也难免云云。当世维会 秘书长说到“有四个维族人被打死，尸体挂在医院门口”时，马上有记者问：“请问是哪个医院？”贼眉鼠眼的秘书长当时就被问住了，“这个，啊，我也是从网上 看到的”。我只能说，laf & puke!

开始我们都一直在听，等西媒记者问得差不多了，【无面人沃尔夫】提问了。问答都是德 语，我听不懂（汗～），让他自己说吧。最后，我们使出了杀手锏──出示照片。photo tell the truth，这是无法抵赖的。果然，这一招很奏效，本来这些记者听了一个多小时的废话（世维会没有给出任何消息来源，都是“听说”和“网上看到 ”），都十分无聊了，看到有照片，马上调转镜头过来拍。我们向媒体出示了被暴徒杀害的无辜平民的尸体惨状，强调指出被害者是头部被石块猛击致死或者被割喉 杀害，其中后者是基地组织的典型首发，这显然是地地道道的恐怖主义行为。此时，会场大乱，世维会秘书长发现形式不妙，立即宣布活动结束。记者还不愿意马上 走，跟我们交流起来。我们也乘机散发了这些照片。我跟一个南德意志报的女记者说：首先我们谴责一切形式的暴力活动；其次从受害者的照片看，这是典型的恐怖 主义；第三，即使中国政府有什么可能的政策不当，也决不能成为恐怖分子杀害上百无辜平民的理由，这就如同美国的政策不能成为基地组织发动911的理由一样 （此处我尽量用西媒能理解的话语来说）。她问我是否相信世维会的说法，我说，”That’s totally non-sense.”她问我们的消息来源是什么，我说我们有朋友在新疆，我还说我自己几年前就去过新疆。她没有再问什么，不过要了我的名字 ──新闻要有消息来源。我觉得没什么可怕的，就给她了。旁边，有个世维会的人用汉语十分激动的和我们的人争辩，说我们听信了共产党的宣传，而共产党的话“ 怎么能信呢？”Q十分冷静的说，现在还没有更多的消息，我们来这里就是为了共同求得事实真相。然后问，你们的消息来源是什么。他说，等下，我给你找。出去 半天，空手回来，什么材料也没有。我心说，原来是一帮FC！开记者招待会居然不事先准备材料！旁边媒体也拍着，这番表演好不热闹。

大家正 说着，突然有两个德国人过来请我们出去，随后出示了警察的证件。我们只好跟着离开，事后我们知道，是世维会的人跟警察说我们不是记者，所以不能来参加记者 招待会。显然，他们害怕了，害怕事实真相。出来以后，我们向警察出示了世维会网站上的新闻稿，里面清清楚楚的写着“All media and the public are welcome to attend the press conference.”我们作为public，当然有权参加。警察就没说什么了，不过要了我们每个人的护照信息，并保证只供警方使用，不会告 诉世维会的人。世维会的人又跟警察说，我们拍了他们的人的照片，说会危害他们的安全。警察就说这是公开场合，你们欢迎公众参加，他们有权拍照。世维会的人 无语。法制社会还是好啊。警察很友好，很敬业，走的时候跟每个人握手致意。

在外面我还跟一个土耳其老头聊了几句。老头很nice，跟我们 说大家到德国都要遵守法律──看来他把我们当作来踢场的了，哈哈。我跟他说，当然，我们都是守法的。他还问我，到底死者中有多少汉人，多少维族。我说，尸 体辨认还没有结果，估计要一周时间，不过从伤者情况看，绝大多数是汉族。希望他能如实报道吧。

Q他们还跟一个世维会的年轻人聊了几句，做了些“不希望民族对立，希望和平相处”的统战工作。
就这样结束了。大家都很高兴，胜利完成任务。

总结几点：

1，德国还是法制社会，警察也是敬业的，只要按法律办，不必害怕什么，不要过激，以理服人。

2，西媒也不全是NC，起码基层小记者还愿意听听我们的看法。当然对媒体上层我们是不指望的。

3，世维会没什么可怕，其人素质太差，水平太低。说实话，智商并不高。一个半小时的记者招待待会没有一张照片，一段录像、录音，消息来源只有所谓的电话和网络消息。

4，还以如此弱智的世维会能把土鳖弄得这样惨呢？原因有两点：一是，内因是决定性的，原有的民族矛盾肯定客观存在，被6·26偶然事件和之后的谣言点燃（这一点非常类似于胡耀邦之死和89的关系）

二是，政府应对失策。

最 后还有一点我个人的判断：可能连世维会的人自己都没想到事情会闹这么大（当然土鳖也没想到）。他们在国外下令搞游行，搞破坏，然后国内的JD分子就胡搞乱 搞了。实际上只要问题定性为恐怖活动，他们就不可能得到任何公开的国际支持。现在他们也在商讨下一步的对策，想方设法跟恐怖活动撇清关系。他们说明天在柏 林会有一个比较大的造势活动，另据说在美国的一个世维会头目今天已经到了德国。实际上七五事件如果处理得好是一个机会。本来政府一直说世维会是恐怖组织， 但一直没有被承认的证据（世维会一直说恐怖活动都是东伊运的人干的），好，现在证据送上门来了。这次就看土鳖是不是真的FC了。

I accidental bumped intot this article -  Ethnic Tensions Escalate in China’s Xinjiang Region, while this article is hopelessly biased, mis-informed, just like most any other western media do, I found one of its reader’s comments to be much more interesting and valuable.

The author is named as Elvis Esparza, here is he/she had to say

DW,

You are woefully misinformed about China like some of the other Westerners whom have posted on this article. Imperialism? Cultural Genocide? Racism? Colonialism?

For starters the area of Xinjiang (with Mongolia) has ALWAYS posed a threat to Chinese civilization due to nomadic barbarians (Xiongnu, Ruan, Turks, Mongols, & Tatars). Traditionally the Chinese were forced to pacify those regions via either outright conquest (Han &Tang dynasties) or punitive expeditions (Han, Sui, & Ming dynasties) to force them into vassal status. Today’s PRC has decided on outright rule both due to its natural resources and so that it serves as a buffer region. Completely and totally understandable and in realpolitic terms justifiable. Since one of the ways to secure a territory is to settle your own people there (see the Romans, Incas, the United States, and of course Imperial China) the Chinese government is doing the same thing encouraging Han Chinese to migrate to Xinjiang (as well as Tibet – also for purposes of natural resources and to serve as a buffer region).

If you look throughout history the Han Chinese NEVER committed genocide or massacred minorities due to their religious beliefs. In the history of the 2000+ year Chinese empire, ONLY when a foreign dynasty (the Manchu Qing) ruled where their massacres of religious minorities performed by the government.
Native Han Chinese dynasties (Han, Jin, Sui, Tang, Song, Ming) did NOT massacre religious minorities. In fact Daoists, Buddhists, Jews, Christians, & Muslims all lived in the empire and NONE were relegated to 2nd class citizens. In fact the ONLY two times a group of people were relegated to 2nd class citizen status (or worse) was during the rule of two foreign dynasties (the Mongol Yuan and the Manchu Qing) both of whom put the Han Chinese into lesser status via laws and regulations (something none of the other dynasties did to the Han Chinese who were the majority or the peoples the Han Chinese dynasties conquered). Whenever a sect was persecuted it was NOT the worshippers but the religious elite (example Buddhist monasteries during the 9th century AD) and then it was due to them acquiring power and therefore possing a threat to the ruler. Last but not least the Han Chinese NEVER forced those who did not practice Daoism and/or Buddhism to convert to such faiths.

In turn if you look at the oh so glorious West, you find the opposite. Emperors & kings forced their subjects to convert to Christianity in the Roman Empire, Nordic Scandinavia, Slavic Russia (both pre-Tsarist and Romanov), Bulgaria, and Poland. Christian Europe imposed Christianity on conquered Pagans in Saxon Germany, the Baltic States, & native americans in the western hemisphere. Throughout its history, Christian Europe has periodically massacred or expelled Jews. From the 4th century AD to the 17th century AD, Christians persecuted so-called Heretics (via laws & regulations and more violent means such as burning at the stake, massacres, Papal authorized Crusades, the Medieval Inquisition, and the Religious Wars). Let us also NOT forget how Pagans in the Roman Empire when it Christianized, Jews (Roman Empire & Christendom), and Muslims (Christian Spain) were delegated to 2nd class citizens.

As for its drive to be rich, that is what most people in the world want to some degree or another. NOBODY wants to be poor, nobody wants to see their children struggle and lack things that others have. We all want a better life and a better one for our children. That is why people immigrate (even illegally) and it is why parents sacrifice to provide for their children and pay for their schooling (including working two jobs at a time and/or working in another country so they can provide for their family back home). The Chinese Communist Party is doing their best to bring prosperity to the citizens of China. While many of them are doing it for selfish reasons (either they want to get rich themselves and/or they are “bribing’ the citizenry so that they stay in power), other members of the party are doing so for patriotic reasons. Regardless of their ulterior motives it is working as they have increased the country’s GNP from hundreds of billions in the late 1970s to $4+ trillion, have brought several 100 million out of poverty, and elevated over a 100 million Chinese into the middle class. The People’s Republic of China is now the world’s leader in auto & steel production, 2nd place (and soon to be #1) in shipbuilding, the world’s center in electronics production, a world leader in both nanotechnology & biotechnology, the world’s largest solar cell industry, & has the fastest growing semiconductor industry in the world.

At this time Communist China has a high-speed rail network larger than Europe’s and expanding. It is building a highway system larger than the USA’s. The government has car fuel standards superior to that of the USA and is expected to produce more energy from any of the following three renewable sources(hydroelectric, wind, or solar) than the USA by 2020 and are building or planning to build 30-50 nuclear power plants. They are also self-sufficient in grains (and only import to feed their booming hog industry).

Quite frankly China is a booming success, and the Uighurs should be grateful at the incredible transformation that is happening in China right now. While they or the Tibetans may NOT be benefiting as much as the Han Chinese, the fact is that they are benefiting as their standards of living are rising and they are becoming more educated. It is simply that being rural people (generally), living in the farthest & most remote regions of China, not speaking Mandarin (or any other Chinese dialect), & not using the Chinese writing system the struggle to adapt or take advantage of the opportunities out there in China. Of course the fact that there are separatist movements in both Tibet and Xinjiang, and that in the case of Xinjiang there is even a terrorist group has only WORSENED the situation for the Uighurs and Tibetans as it has increased China’s distrust of the minorities in those two regions and therefore has exponentially increased the level of government supervision (or oppression) via laws and regulations that are not present in the rest of China which together with the larger than usual paramilitary presence in both Xinjiang & Tibet makes things more oppresive.

Simply put both the Tibetans and Uighurs have two options, adapt and/or assimilate (into the greater Han Chinese culture as the minorities in China proper and Manchuria have done) or take up arms and fight to the death. Best option is the former since NO one is going to go to their aid in the event of a rebellion, NOT when facing a country with one of the largest militaries in the world, hundreds of nuclear weapons, a Han Chinese population that outnumbers ALL of the minorities 10 to 1 and numbers over 1.4 billion, holds about a TRILLION in Western debt (of which two thirds or three fourths are American), is the manufacturing center of the world, and has an economy that is the 2nd largest in the world (PPP) at over $4 Trillion. NOT going to happen, NOT even in the form of arms or financial aid. The action of rebellion will be heroic and perhaps epic in the case of the Tibetans (due to the mountains) but it will end in defeat, an epic tragedy. Such a course may even result in ethnic cleansing (rebellious population relocated in the style of the Assyrians, Romans, and Soviet Union), not a pretty picture. My advice to the Uighurs and Tibetans is reject all talk of independence, acquire a REAL education (NOT those given by the Tibetan Buddhist monasteries or the Uighur Muslim madrassas), become fluent in Mandarin, dress like modern Chinese (NOT like Tibetan mountain folk or Uighur desert people), and if necessary emigrate to China proper.

7月1日早间消息，中国移动浙江分公司(下简”浙江移动”)已完成分组化移动回传网的IEEE 1588v2(以下简称1588v2)方案部署，并成功将TD-SCDMA业务迁移至该网络，从而实现全球首张1588v2商用试验网络的部署。

上 述消息是由华为于本周宣布的，该网络采用了华为设备；此前中兴、大唐移动、普天等TD-SCDMA设备商均有透露已采用新型授时方案，绕开了美国GPS全 球定位系统。据中国移动人士对C114透露，从2008年3月开始，中国移动携手多家TD系统厂商启动了”TD-SCDMA系统GPS替代方案”等一系列 TD-SCDMA技术工作。

中国移动替代GPS的新技术，一方面通过有线传输网络传送精确时间同步信号；另一方面利用我国自主发射的北斗卫星作为时间信号源，使用北斗卫星与GPS卫星双模授时，并互为主备用。最终从时间信号的来源和传输两个方面相结合，彻底摆脱对GPS的依赖。

中国TD网络摆脱美国GPS

在3G三大标准中，CDMA2000和TD-SCDMA均是基站同步系统，TD-SCDMA需要在基站内置GPS实现基站间同步。基站工作的切换、漫游等都需要精确的时间控制，因此同步问题对于移动通信的重要性不言而喻。

我国的CDMA网络，曾经因为美国GPS未授时，出现过瘫痪事件。在此前很长时间里，由于缺乏先进的网络同步技术，TD-SCDMA基站普遍采用GPS同步，这一依赖自从TD二期设备以来已经有所改观，各厂商普遍推出了支持GPS、北斗及传输提取时钟等多种同步方式。

今 年2月，中国移动将替代GPS技术，与全新的一体化天线、调整最佳的时隙配比一起归入”TD-SCDMA创新”项目。中国移动明确指出，TD-SCDMA 系统是全网同步系统，要求所有基站之间严格保持时间同步；目前，时间同步完全依赖于美国GPS系统实现，存在一定的安全隐患。

目前，该时间 同步技术方案已基本确定，传输设备合作厂家均已完成产品开发。并已在实验室环境下进行了测试。结果显示，时间精度和频率稳定度均满足TD-SCDMA系统 的授时指标要求。同时，基于北斗卫星的授时方案也已在研究院实验室完成测试，并显示具有和GPS系统相同等级的授时精度，可满足TD-SCDMA同步要 求。

浙江移动5月部署1588v2

华为公司透露，中国移动从2008年初开始携手华为探讨采用1588v2替代GPS时钟传送技术，为其网络向LTE演进奠定基础。

1588v2 是由IEEE(美国电气工程师协会)制定的时钟标准，定义了分组网络实现时间与频率同步的技术。在TD-SCDMA制式下，及移动网络向LTE演进后，时 间同步成为提升无线频谱效率的必备条件。现有的两种时间同步技术中，1588v2时钟同步技术有效解决了GPS时钟投入成本大和安装困难的问题，是移动网 络向LTE演进的基础。

2009年3月，中国移动组织多城市多厂家启动移动回传网IP化测试，浙江移动率先采用近2000套华为PTN设备构建其移动回传网，是目前全球最大的分组化移动回传网。2009年5月，浙江移动基于此分组化移动回传网完成了1588v2试商用部署。

北斗授时：成本超出GPS十倍

北斗系统与美国GPS都是具有国家战略意义的卫星导航系统，前者具备完全自主知识产权，而后者知识产权归美国军方所有。美国GPS经营多年，产业链相当成熟，其最大优势便在于成本。

C114咨询中国移动通信集团设计院专家，获悉北斗授时方案造价成本相当高昂，单向授时10000元左右；而GPS则较低，仅为800元左右。两者在现有基站均有专门的插槽，可在现有基站保持正常工作状态下实现热插拔工作。

目前，在时间精度、模块造价成本等方面北斗一代相比GPS还存在差距，但是随着北斗二代建设步伐的加速及北斗产业能力的提高，北斗卫星通信系统的优势将逐步显现。

上述两类时间同步方案，中国移动近期组织对进行了多处现网试点，进一步在实际网络环境下进行研究和验证。同时，结合传输网络的整体演进，研究GPS替代方案的引入实施策略。

一代天王，就这样安静的离开了。

恍惚又想起小学时，听到Michael的第一首歌，Bad. 回头才发现你已经离我们远去。

朋友，一路走好。

No matter where you are, you are always that Michael Jackson loved by millions all over the world.

It’s so sad that to hear your departure, but at least you are in peace.

May you rest in heaven.